Upper GI bleeding |
Esophagus |
Varices Carcinoma Reflux esophagitis Peptic ulcer Hiatal hernia Mallory-Weiss syndrome Foreign body |
Stomach |
Peptic ulcer Curling ulcer Cushing ulcer Portal hypertension gastropathy Gastric erosions Dieulafoy lesion Ulcerated gastric leiomyoma Hiatal hernia Carcinoma (GI stromal tumor,lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumors) Foreign body Gastritis Gastric varices Gastric antral vascular ectasia |
Duodenum |
Diverticulitis Polyps Hemobilia Peptic ulcer Vascular malformation Erosions |
Other causes |
A-V malformation Splenic artery aneurysm Uremia Anticoagulation NSAIDs Aortoenteric fistula |
Lower GI bleeding (originates distal to the ligament of Treitz) |
Note: Always rule out upper GI bleeding first! |
Small intestine |
Meckel diverticulum Intussusception Mesenteric infarction Aortoenteric fistula Tumors |
Large intestine |
Diverticular disease A-V malformation Infectious colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Carcinoma Ischemic colitis Polyps Radiation proctitis |
Other causes |
Endometriosis CMV inf. (if immunodef.) Hemorrhoids Anal fissure Anal fistula Anorectal varices |