Body weight
Drug Pharmacology
Amides Lidocaine
Dosing
4.5 mg/kg (7 mg/kg with epi); max 500 mg

mg

mg (with epi)
Duration
1 h*
Comments
Fast onset
Ropiva­caine
Dosing
5 mg/kg; max 200 mg

mg
Duration
4–12 h*
Comments
Less cardiotoxic
than bupivacaine
Bupiva­caine
Dosing
2.5 mg/kg (3.2 mg/kg with epi) max 200 mg

mg

mg (with epi)
Duration
4–12 h*
Comments
High cardiotoxicity with IV injection; slow onset
Esters**
2345
2- chloro procaine
Dosing
11 mg/kg (14 mg/kg with epi) max 1000 mg

mg

mg (with epi)
Duration
0.5–1 h*
Comments
Fast onset, lowest toxicity
Tetra­caine
Dosing
max 80 mg

mg
Duration
0.5–1 h
Comments
Slow onset

*Addition of 100 mg of epinephrine (0.1 mL of 1:1,000) lowers the toxicity and increases the duration of the local anesthetic.
**Metabolism to para-aminobenzoic acid may cause allergic reactions.