Para­meter Class
I
Class
II
Class
III
Class
IV
Blood loss (mL) 1,000 1,000-1,500 1,500-2,000 > 2,000
Blood loss (%) Up to 15% 15%-30% 30%-40% > 40%
Heart rate (bpm) < 100 > 100 > 120 > 140
Blood pressure Nor­mal Nor­mal
Pulse pressure Normal
Resp. rate (breath/min) 14–
20
20–
30
30–
40
>
35
Urinary output (mL/h) > 30 20–30 5–20 Mini­mal
Mental status Nor­mal Mildly anxious Anxi­ous & conf­used Con­fus­ed & le­tha­rgic
Fluid replace­ment Crysta­lloid Crysta­lloid Cryst­alloid
and
blood
Cry­sta­lloid
and
blood